FOTOS Y COLABORACION DE
PEDRO SILVA
Cuba tuvo uno de los primeros ferrocarriles del mundo
El status colonial de Cuba durante la segunda mitad del siglo XIX, fue lo que provocó que la Isla, cual conejillo de Indias, fuera uno de los primeros países del mundo en probar los más novedosos avances de la ciencia y la tecnología.
Es el caso del Ferrocarril, que quedara inaugurado oficialmente en la isla el domingo19 de noviembre de 1837, con la línea que iba desde La Habana hasta las localidades de San Felipe y Bejucal.
Cuba se convertía así en el séptimo país en el mundo en poseer este medio de transporte. El primer servicio de ferrocarril lo había logrado Inglaterra en 1825, luego le siguieron Estados Unidos, Francia, Alemania, Bélgica y Rusia.
El primer tren salió a las 8 de la mañana de aquel día, bajo una lluvia torrencial que había estado cayendo durante la madrugada. Fueron 70 los primeros viajeros del ferrocarril cubano. El precio de la primera clase fue de 20 reales, los de tercera 5. El segundo viaje partió a las dos de la tarde con iguales condiciones.
El lugar del que partiera aquel primer tren tiene toda una irregular historia, debido a las controversias entabladas entre las autoridades por su ubicación. Según estas, levantar la terminal en el lugar inicialmente planeado, constituiría un obstáculo al plan de defensa de la ciudad de la Habana, por su marcada cercanía con las aún en pie, aunque casi inútiles murallas. Fue por ello que se acabó por construir un rústico barracón de madera, tan ligero, que se pudiera volar sin grandes complicaciones en caso que fuera necesario.
Este improvisado paradero se construyó en los terrenos de la Quinta de Garcini, exactamente en la cuadra situada en la calle de Oquendo entre Estrella y Maloja.
Más adelante, con la lógica evolución de la vida, entre los pobladores de la ciudad fue desapareciendo la preocupación por las murallas, que fueron cayendo en pedazos. Fue entonces cuando se edificó la Estación de Villanueva, en los mismos terrenos que hoy ocupa el Capitolio Nacional.
Durante los siguientes años, la historia del ferrocarril cubano estuvo plagada de fraudes y otros sucios negocios. Uno de los más recordados escándalos financieros al respecto fue el que partió del trueque de los terrenos que ocuparía la Estación de Villanueva por los del tanto tiempo inactivo Arsenal.
Es el caso del Ferrocarril, que quedara inaugurado oficialmente en la isla el domingo19 de noviembre de 1837, con la línea que iba desde La Habana hasta las localidades de San Felipe y Bejucal.
Cuba se convertía así en el séptimo país en el mundo en poseer este medio de transporte. El primer servicio de ferrocarril lo había logrado Inglaterra en 1825, luego le siguieron Estados Unidos, Francia, Alemania, Bélgica y Rusia.
El primer tren salió a las 8 de la mañana de aquel día, bajo una lluvia torrencial que había estado cayendo durante la madrugada. Fueron 70 los primeros viajeros del ferrocarril cubano. El precio de la primera clase fue de 20 reales, los de tercera 5. El segundo viaje partió a las dos de la tarde con iguales condiciones.
El lugar del que partiera aquel primer tren tiene toda una irregular historia, debido a las controversias entabladas entre las autoridades por su ubicación. Según estas, levantar la terminal en el lugar inicialmente planeado, constituiría un obstáculo al plan de defensa de la ciudad de la Habana, por su marcada cercanía con las aún en pie, aunque casi inútiles murallas. Fue por ello que se acabó por construir un rústico barracón de madera, tan ligero, que se pudiera volar sin grandes complicaciones en caso que fuera necesario.
Este improvisado paradero se construyó en los terrenos de la Quinta de Garcini, exactamente en la cuadra situada en la calle de Oquendo entre Estrella y Maloja.
Más adelante, con la lógica evolución de la vida, entre los pobladores de la ciudad fue desapareciendo la preocupación por las murallas, que fueron cayendo en pedazos. Fue entonces cuando se edificó la Estación de Villanueva, en los mismos terrenos que hoy ocupa el Capitolio Nacional.
Durante los siguientes años, la historia del ferrocarril cubano estuvo plagada de fraudes y otros sucios negocios. Uno de los más recordados escándalos financieros al respecto fue el que partió del trueque de los terrenos que ocuparía la Estación de Villanueva por los del tanto tiempo inactivo Arsenal.
MAPA FERROVIARIO CUBANO |
ESQUEMA DE FERROCARRILES SUBURBANOS DE LA HABANA |
http://tranviasdelahabana.blogspot.com
HABANA (ESTACION DE FERROCARRILES) |
ESTACION CENTRAL HABANA |
EL PANCHITO UNITED FRUIT CO BANES, ORIENTE, CUBA |
Fabricada en Pittsburg Pa. en 1888
por la H.K.Porter & Camp Co.
Locomotive Works
Serie NSPRACOURJUP 964
BANES CRUCERO DE LA GUIRA MIRANDO HACIA EL SUR |
BANES, GAS CAR |
CENTRAL BAGUANOS, ORIENTE CUBA |
Coche Mambi, llevado a Cuba por Horatio Rubens "El abogado judio amigo de Marti" se fabricaron tres de estos coches en Pennsylvania INTERIOR DEL COCHE |
NUEVITAS, Provincia de Camaguey |
ANTILLA, ORIENTE , CUBA ANTILLA |
ANTILLA ANTILLA |
ANTILLA |
CENTRAL SANTA LUCIA No. 6 |
REMEDIOS |
FOMENTO-TRINIDAD |
TRINIDAD |
PUENTE RIO "TAYABA" TRINIDAD CUBA |
PUENTE RIO "TAYABA" TRINIDAD CUBA |
Puente Agabama, TRINIDAD |
ARRIETE |
ARRIETE |
CAUTO |
CAMAGUEY |
CAMAGUEY (TALLERES) |
CAMAGUEY |
ALIZALDES
HERSHEY |
HERSHEY |
HERSHEY |
COMPANIA FERRO-CARRIL CIENFUEGOS Y VILLA CLARA |
JIBACOA |
TRANVIA EN LA HABANA |
SANTIAGO DE CUBA TRANVIAS |
CAMPO FLORIDO |
FERROCARRIL HABANA-GUINES |
BEJUCAL |
TREN DE CANA |
MALTIEMPO NO. 1320 |
MAYARI |
MAYARI |
MAYARI |
MAYARI |
MAYARI PLANOS INCLINADOS PARA MINERAL |
ESTACION DE FERROCARRIL CIENFUEGOS |
ESTACION DE FERROCARRIL CIENFUEGOS |
CIENFUEGOS (CARGA) |
GENERAL PERAZA |
SAN JUAN Y MARTINEZ |
GUAMO VIEJO |
CIGUENA |
CENTRAL RAFAEL FREYRE- ORIENTE SANTA LUCIA |
SAN LUIS |
SAN LUIS, ORIENTE |
PEPITO TEY |
CANDELARIA |
CANDELARIA |
CENTRAL RAFAEL FREYRE- ORIENTE SANTA LUCIA |
SANTA LUCIA |
ESTE DEBE SER EL NO. 1112 DE LA UNITED FRUIT CO. BANES, ORIENTE |
HOLGUIN |
SAN MIGUEL |
SAN ANTONIO |
Central Ruben Martinez Villena |
CRISTO, ORIENTE EL CRISTO, ORIENTE |
Palmarito de Cauto |
SAN LUIS, PINAR DEL RIO |
VEGA DE PALMA, SANTA CLARA |
RAFAEL FREYRE, SANTA LUCIA |
CARRETERA GUARDA LA VACA |
LA LIMA |
CUNEIRA |
PALOMO |
RAMAL |
SAN GERMAN |
SAN LUIS- ANTILLA, ORIENTE |
HERRERA |
TREN BLINDADO ( TRANSPOTE DE ARMAS) SANTA CLARA SANTA CLARA |
BAYAMO |
BAYAMO |
BERMEJA |
CANASI |
AGUADA DE PASAJEROS |
Add caption |
BOLONDRON |
CENTRAL GUIPUZCOA |
CENTRAL GUIPUZCOA |
CENTRAL GUIPUZCOA |
CENTRAL GUIPUZCOA |
CENTRAL RAMONA |
LA ISABEL |
CHAMBAS |
CHAPARRA |
CIDRA |
CONGOJAS |
CONGOJAS |
CONTRAMAESTRE |
CRUCE DE QUESADA |
CRUCE DE QUESADA |
CAIBARIEN |
CAMAJUANI CAMAJUANI |
CHEREPA |
CRUCES |
CUMANAYAGUA |
SAGUA LA GRANDE |
SAGUA LA GRANDE |
PALMIRA |
PALMIRA-CRUCES
LAJAS |
SAN ANDRES |
SAN JUAN DE YERAS |
SAN FERNANDO DE CAMARONES |
CAMARONES |
CACOCUM |
CIEGO DE AVILA |
CIEGO DE AVILA
CONSOLACION DEL SUR |
GIBARA , ANTIGUA ESTACION |
GIBARA |
GUANTANAMO GUANTANAMO GUANTANAMO |
GUANTANAMO |
GUANTANAMO |
GUANTANAMO |
GUANTANAMO |
INGENIO ACANA |
TREN DE SANTIAGO A HOLGUIN |
VICTORIA DE LAS TUNAS |
MINAS DEL COBRE |
CUETO, ORIENTE |
FALLA |
ALTO CEDRO |
ALTO CEDRO |
ARTEMISA |
BATABANO |
JORONU |
JOVELLANOS |
SAN NICOLAS |
SANTIAGO DE CUBA VIEJA ESTACION |
? |
GUANAJAY, ESTACION DE ANTES |
GUANAJAY, LA MISMA ESTACION AHORA |
GUANAJAY ESTACION CAPELANIA ,ANTES |
GUANAJAY CAPELLANIA, DESPUES |
BATABANO |
MANICARAGUA |
JORONU ESTACION |
FOMENTO |
FOMENTO |
MATAGUA |
VEGAS |
PERICO |
M62-K
Sobrenombre: Melón
Procedencia: Unión Soviética
Año: 1975
Cantidad: 20
Numeración: de la 61601 a la 61620
Potencia: 1,680 hp
Velocidad: 100 km/h
Las locomotoras M62 fueron diseñadas para su uso en los países del CAME (alianza económica del antiguo bloque socialista). Aunque en Cuba ya fueron desactivadas todas, en Rusia, Hungría, Polonia y Corea del Norte aún hay muchas en uso.
La 61602 fue conducida por Fidel Castro, en 1975, en la inauguración del primer tramo del Ferrocarril Central, entre Santa Clara y Placetas. Por ese hecho fue declarada Locomotora Insignia de los Ferrocarriles de Cuba. Hoy se conserva en el museo de la estación de Cristina, en La Habana.
Algunas fuentes aseguran que a la Isla llegaron 21 de estas locomotoras. Ese error se debe a que, en efecto, la 61621 llegó a circular a principios de los años noventa, pero fue armada en los talleres de Sagua la Grande con los restos de la 61606 y la 61615, que habían sido descontinuadas años antes.
GUACHINANGO |
LOCOMOTORA ANTIGUA HABANA |
LOCOMOTORAS ANTIGUAS HABANA |
YEAR 1900
BANES PLANTATION RAILROAD:
NAME OF MANAGER, H. DUMOIS
POST OFFICE ADDRESS
DIVISION MANAGER
UNITED FRUIT COMPANY
BANES, CUBA
LENGHT OF RAILWAY 29 MILES
GAUGE OF TRACK: 3 FEET
AVERAGE WEIGHT OF RAIL: 40 LBS PEER YARD
NUMBER OF LOCOMOTIVES 7
NUMBER OF CARS 300
APPROX COST: NO DATA AVAILABLE
THIS IS A PRIVATE RAILROAD OF THE UNITED FRUIT CO. FOR THEIR EXCLUSIVE USE
PASSING THROUGH TREIR PLANTATIONS, HAULING CANE TO THEIR CENTRAL "BOSTON"
AND ALSO BANANAS TO BANES, THE SEAPORT FROM WHICH SHIPMENTS ARE MADE.
THE ABOVE PLANTATION RAILROAD IS IN THE VICINITY OF THE PROPOSED NIPE BAY
EXTENSION OF THE CUBA COMPANY RAILWAY SYSTEM.
Banes Railroad 2-8-0 "Consolidation" Type Locomotives
Class Details by Steve Llanso
Class 12 (Locobase 11522)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Vol 26, p. 182. See also Joshua Henry Nadel, Processing Modernity: Social and Cultural Adaptation in Eastern Cuba, 1902--1933 (University of North Carolina Press, 2007), especially pp. 88-100. Works number was 23786 in February 1904.
Banes was already the center of a banana-growing region when Boston Fruit put down stakes in 1897. Boston Fruit then merged with Tropical Trading and Transport to form United Fruit. UFC began constructing a large and modern sugar processing plant at Central Boston in 1901.
The company's substantial investment in its sugar-growing and processing operations on one bank of the Banes River prompted a boom in the small agricultural settlement served by a small narrow-gauge railway. Nadel reports, however, that it was only when Banes established itself as an independent municipality that expansion and modernization, greatly aided by the United Fruit infrastructure across the river, could mushroom.
The town's residential areas were divided into barrios according to a hierarchy of skills and authority with the barrio Americano hosting the upper-level managers in large homes, mid-level managers in smaller homes on less property, on down to the barrio amarillo, which consisted of small, yellow-painted dwellings for the laborers. Cuban historian Jose Vega Sunol argues that race and class had as much to do with this segregation as did company hierarchy. Nadel describes the impetus as a "rationalized production of space conveying both social and racial hierarchy."
Small locomotive to serve banana plantations - in fact quite a bit smaller than many other narrow-gauge Consolidations being built in the first decade of the 20th Century. Its diminuitive size is attributable to the lightness of the 40-lb/yard (20-kg/metre) rail used on the 29 miles (46.7 km) of track built by H Dumois before he sold his holdings to Boston Fruit. The Banes connected with the much larger Cuba Railroad at Antilla in Nipe Bay.
Sold by March 1935 to Panama's FC Nacional de Chiriqui as its #3. (Locobase wonders how much trade there must have been in shipping used locomotives around the Caribbean. Obviously someone thought it was worth the trouble and expense to move this little Consolidation.)
Class 13 (Locobase 12989)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Volume 29, p 135. Works numbers were 28524 in July 1906, 28828 in August, and 28969 in September.Class 18 (Locobase 13751)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines, 1903, as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Vol 36, p. 21. Works number was 35725 in December 1910.
The Banes had bought a very similar engine from Baldwin in 1904 (Locobase 11522). A note on the specs said the 18 had to produced "in time for steamer sailing from New York Dec. 28th, 1910". The order date of 10/29/10 indicates how responsive the big Philadelphia could be.
Several years later, the 18 took an even longer trip than her sister when she was transferred to the Santa Marta Railway in Colombia as their 28. Santa Marta was a Caribbean port served by this 99-mile (160-km), British-owned railway from the interior.
By 1926, the SMRwy had been renamed the Magdalena.
Class 19 (Locobase 14444)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Vol 54, p 185. Works numbers were 44273 in October 1916.
A later Banes Railroad Consolidation order (Locobase 14445) noted that the boiler on this plantation 2-8-0 "gave trouble on account of leaks"."
Class 20 (Locobase 14445)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Vol 66, p 1. Works numbers were 51447-51448 in March 1919.
Locobase 14444 noted that the Banes Railroad had complained that their 1916 Baldwin Consolidation had leaked. Indeed, the note had a chiding tone: "Careful attention is to be given to workmanship on boiler and firebox to prevent leaking at seams." Perhaps the pains Baldwin took are the source of a 3 1/2 ton (3.2 metric ton) increase in adhesion weight and a 4-ton (3.6 metric ton) increase in overall engine weight. Moreover, the back of the firebox measured 6 1/2" (165 mm) deeper than in the 1916 engine.
The redesign may have done the trick as the next set of Consolidations mated a superheated boiler to the firebox; see Locobases 14446 and 14447.
In the 1930s, United Fruit moved this pair to Guatemala."
Class 22 (Locobase 14446)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Vol 66, p 4 and 8. Works number was 52025 in July 1919.
Locobasen notes that the firebox area in these plantation locomotives is given as 79 sq ft on the Baldwin specification page. However, all of the firebox dimensions are identical to the earlier engines and at first he was tempted to adopt the latter measurement. On the other hand, all of the boiler tubes were shorter by 4 1/2 inches (114 mm), so the design of the boiler is clearly different. The big change from the two earlier engines was the adoption of superheat in a relatively modest setup. Its firebox was designed to be readily convertible to oil-firing.
The next three locomotives (Locobase 14447) were oil-fired.
In the 1930s, United Fruit moved this engine to the Tela Railway in Honduras as their 42."
Class 23 (Locobase 14447)
Data from Baldwin Locomotive Works Specification for Engines as digitized by the DeGolyer Library of Southern Methodist University Vol 64, p 8. Works numbers were 54245-54246 in January 1921 and 55258 in January 1922.
Now that the Banes had superheated its Baldwin plantation Consolidation design (Locobase 14446), its next change was to adopt oil firing. The fuel switch may account for the drop in firebox heating surface owing to the installation of fire brick as a lining. The design still used 8" (203 mm) piston valves.
While the locomotive was otherwise untouched, the tender added 3 tons (2.7 metric tons) of weight as it now contained 1,500 US gallons of oil. (5,678 litres).
In the 1930s, all three would move to the Tela Railway in Honduras and be renumbeed 43-45"
Specifications by Steve Llanso | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Class | 12 | 13 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 22 | 23 |
Locobase ID | 11522 | 12989 | 13751 | 14444 | 14445 | 14446 | 14447 |
Railroad | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) | Banes Railroad (United Fruit) |
Whyte | 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 | 2-8-0 |
Road Numbers | 12 | 13-15 | 18 | 19 | 20-21 | 22 | 23-25 |
Gauge | 3' | 3' | 3' | 3'6"" | 3'6"" | 3'6"" | 3'6"" |
Builder | Burnham, Williams & Co | Burnham, Williams & Co | Baldwin | Baldwin | Baldwin | Baldwin | Baldwin |
Year | 1904 | 1906 | 1910 | 1916 | 1919 | 1919 | 1921 |
Valve Gear | Stephenson | Stephenson | Stephenson | Stephenson | Stephenson | Stephenson | Stephenson |
Locomotive Length and Weight | |||||||
Driver Wheelbase | 11.75' | 11.33' | 11.75' | 11.75' | 11.75' | 11.75' | 11.75' |
Engine Wheelbase | 18.58' | 17.83' | 18.58' | 18.58' | 18.58' | 18.58' | 18.58' |
Ratio of driving wheelbase to overall engine wheebase | 0.63 | 0.64 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.63 |
Overall Wheelbase (engine & tender) | 42.96' | 42.33' | 42.71' | 42.69' | 42.69' | ||
Axle Loading (Maximum Weight per Axle) | |||||||
Weight on Drivers | 67000 lbs | 60000 lbs | 67000 lbs | 65000 lbs | 72000 lbs | 72000 lbs | 72000 lbs |
Engine Weight | 76000 lbs | 68000 lbs | 76000 lbs | 72800 lbs | 80000 lbs | 80000 lbs | 80000 lbs |
Tender Light Weight | 56000 lbs | 50000 lbs | 56000 lbs | 56000 lbs | 56000 lbs | 56000 lbs | 61000 lbs |
Total Engine and Tender Weight | 132000 lbs | 118000 lbs | 132000 lbs | 128800 lbs | 136000 lbs | 136000 lbs | 141000 lbs |
Tender Water Capacity | 2800 gals | 2500 gals | 2800 gals | 2800 gals | 2800 gals | 2800 gals | 2800 gals |
Tender Fuel Capacity (oil/coal) | 5 tons | 5 tons | 5 tons | 5 tons | 1500 gals | ||
Minimum weight of rail (calculated) on which locomotive could run | 28 lb/yard | 25 lb/yard | 28 lb/yard | 27 lb/yard | 30 lb/yard | 30 lb/yard | 30 lb/yard |
Geometry Relating to Tractive Effort | |||||||
Driver Diameter | 36" | 36" | 36" | 36" | 36" | 36" | 36" |
Boiler Pressure | 160 psi | 180 psi | 160 psi | 140 psi | 140 psi | 140 psi | 140 psi |
Cylinders (dia x stroke) | 16" x 20" | 14" x 18" | 15" x 20" | 16" x 20" | 16" x 20" | 16" x 20" | 16" x 20" |
Tractive Effort | 19342 lbs | 14994 lbs | 17000 lbs | 16924 lbs | 16924 lbs | 16924 lbs | 16924 lbs |
Factor of Adhesion (Weight on Drivers/Tractive Effort) | 3.46 | 4.00 | 3.94 | 3.84 | 4.25 | 4.25 | 4.25 |
Heating Ability | |||||||
Firebox Area | 78.60 sq. ft | 84 sq. ft | 78 sq. ft | 79 sq. ft | 90 sq. ft | 79 sq. ft | 79 sq. ft |
Grate Area | 14 sq. ft | 13.70 sq. ft | 13.20 sq. ft | 14 sq. ft | 14 sq. ft | 14 sq. ft | 14 sq. ft |
Evaporative Heating Surface | 1011 sq. ft | 800 sq. ft | 1010 sq. ft | 1012 sq. ft | 1012 sq. ft | 862 sq. ft | 862 sq. ft |
Superheating Surface | 193 sq. ft | 193 sq. ft | |||||
Combined Heating Surface | 1011 sq. ft | 800 sq. ft | 1010 sq. ft | 1012 sq. ft | 1012 sq. ft | 1055 sq. ft | 1055 sq. ft |
Evaporative Heating Surface/Cylinder Volume | 217.22 | 249.45 | 246.91 | 217.44 | 217.44 | 185.21 | 185.21 |
Computations Relating to Power Output (More Information) | |||||||
Robert LeMassena's Power Computation | 2240 | 2466 | 2112 | 1960 | 1960 | 1960 | 1960 |
Same as above plus superheater percentage | 2240 | 2466 | 2112 | 1960 | 1960 | 2313 | 2313 |
Same as above but substitute firebox area for grate area | 12576 | 15120 | 12480 | 11060 | 12600 | 13051 | 13051 |
Power L1 | 2896 | 4108 | 3286 | 2539 | 2639 | 5404 | 5404 |
Power MT | 381.17 | 603.77 | 432.50 | 344.46 | 323.22 | 661.88 | 661.88 |
Credits
Introduction and roster provided by Richard Duley. Class details and specifications provided by Steve Llanso of Sweat House Media.
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